[139], Historically, hemp production had made up a significant portion of antebellum Kentucky's economy. It shouldn’t be confused with hemp oil or hemp milk. The world production of hemp fiber fell from over 300,000 metric tons 1961 to about 75,000 metric tons in the early 1990s and has after that been stable at that level. Hemp is the gateway to infinite potential. For an annual yield of this level is it in Ontario recommended to add nitrogen (N):70–110 kg/ha, phosphate (P2O5): up to 80 kg/ha and potash (K2O): 40–90 kg/ha. all, June 2010", What Farmers Need to Know About Growing Hemp(https://www.agriculture.com), "Hemp vs Marijuana: The Important Differences Explained", "The man behind the marijuana ban for all the wrong reasons", "UK Flax and Hemp production: The impact of changes in support measures on the competitiveness and future potential of UK fibre production and industrial use", "Industrial Hemp Production and Management", "The Genetic Structure of Marijuana and Hemp", "Genetic Variation in Hemp and marijuana (, "Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress", "HIA: Resources: Education: FAQs & Facts: FAQs: Answers", "D. Risula, and others, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, October 2009", "Lawmakers legalize industrial hemp farming in Greece: Prospects & Opportunities", "The European Hemp Industry: Cultivation, processing and applications for fibres, shivs and seeds", "Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information 2011, European Union Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, page 283", "Growing Industrial Hemp in Ontario, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Canada, 2008", "Natural Fibers: Hemp Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009", "Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances (Industrial Hemp) Regulations 2008", "Guidelines for engaging in the commercial production of industrial hemp in Queensland", "Western Australian Legislation - Industrial Hemp Act 2004", "Opportunities to engage in commercial low THC hemp fibre and seed production in NSW", "Government of Alberta: Industrial Hemp Production in Canada, February 2, 2010", "Where the heck is hemp?, The Alberta Express, April 18th, 2007", "Manitoba Harvest 2007 Peoples Choice, Eco Libris, Oct 8th, 2007", "Hemp: a plant still unknown (in French)", Jordbruksverket: 2.1–2.3, 2.5 Marknadssituationen för spannmål, oljeväxter, proteingrödor, ris,2011-03-10, (Swedish Board of Agriculture, Report from an expert group in the European Union about the market situation for a number of agricultural products. In the US, pet manufacturers use hemp in dog and cat bedding. Wild hemp grows in the western hilly part of Nepal. [69] In these strains of industrial hemp* the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low. suited for a particular environments/latitudes, producing different ratios and compositions of terpenoids and cannabinoids (CBD, THC, CBG, CBC, CBN...etc. The main production areas were in Ukraine,[102] the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border. There is archaeological evidence cannabis was used for clothing and the seeds were eaten in Japan back to the Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC). In 1892, Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine, which he intended to power "by a variety of fuels, especially vegetable and seed oils, which earlier were used for oil lamps, i.e. [10][11] Then it appears to have been borrowed into Latin, and separately into Slavic and from there into Baltic, Finnish, and Germanic languages. This paper begins with a history of hemp use and then describes how hemp was constructed as a dangerous crop in the U.S. This has meant that paper from hemp is still expensive compared to paper from trees. Nitrogen should not be placed with the seed, but phosphate may be tolerated. Hemp fiber is stronger and softer than cotton, lasts twice as long as cotton, and will not mildew” (HempBasic.com). [21] Hemp seeds are a rich source of dietary fiber (20% DV), B vitamins, and the dietary minerals manganese (362% DV), phosphorus (236% DV), magnesium (197% DV), zinc (104% DV), and iron (61% DV). The fibre is made into bagging and other coarse fabrics and is sometimes mixed with other fibres to improve colour in rope. [119][123] The Chinese later used hemp to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper. [166], In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop. [36], Hemp is used as an internal plaster and is a mixture of hemp hurd (shive) mixed with larger proportions of a lime-based binder. Deforestation, particularly the destruction of old growth forests, and the world’s decreasing supply of wild timber resources are today major ecological concerns. Root feeders can be difficult to detect and control because of their below surface habitat. Their efforts led to the legalization of industrial hemp (hemp with only minute amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol) in Canada and the first harvest in 1998. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content. Fewer inputs required to grow and less water needed than cotton. It also includes the development of markets in Britain, France, and Spain. [55], Hemp crops are tall, have thick foliage, and can be planted densely, and thus can be grown as a smother crop to kill tough weeds. Cotton: Cotton plants are related to hollyhock and hibiscus and are grown in warm climates.Cotton fibres are up to 95 percent pure cellulose and derive from. [14] A survey in 2003 showed that more than 95% of hemp seed sold in the European Union was used in animal and bird feed. Hemp is relatively insensitive to cold temperatures and can withstand frost down to −5 °C. The Hemp fibre or industrial hemp is obtained from the outer layer or the bast of the Cannabis sativa plant, more popularly known as that meant for producing marijuana or hashish. [citation needed] The raw material was used for the preparation of rope and plugs for the Portuguese ships. Portugal also utilized its colonies to support its hemp supply, including in certain parts of Brazil. During World War II, the U.S. produced a short 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, promoting hemp as a necessary crop to win the war. [140], In 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was passed in the United States, levying a tax on anyone who dealt commercially in cannabis, hemp, or marijuana. THE HEMP PLANT. Most recently, South Australia legalized industrial hemp under South Australia's Industrial Hemp Act 2017, which commenced on 12 November 2017. Abaca, (Musa textilis), plant of the family Musaceae, and its fibre, which is second in importance among the leaf fibre group. Commercial biodiesel and biogas is typically produced from cereals, coconuts, palm seeds, and cheaper raw materials like garbage, wastewater, dead plant and animal material, animal feces and kitchen waste.[62]. [71] Present in industrial hemp, cannabidiol is a major constituent among some 560 compounds found in hemp. Smaller production occurs in the rest of Europe, Chile, and North Korea. By LYSTER H. DEWEY, Assistant Botanist^ Bureau of Plant Industry. [16] Hemp oil is cold-pressed from the seed and is high in unsaturated fatty acids. This early cropping reduces the seed yield but improves the fiber yield and quality. Numerous attempts have been made to develop machines that efficiently and inexpensively separate useful fibers from less useful fibers, but none have been completely successful. The outer material contains the prized bast fibers and the inner is the hurd, which is made up of short fibers. [75] As the names imply, they target the stems reducing the structural integrity of the plant. They can be eaten raw, ground into hemp meal, sprouted or made into dried sprout powder. [88], In the Australian states of Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, New South Wales, and most recently, South Australia, the state governments have issued licences to grow hemp for industrial use. Hemp yields three to four times more usable fibre per hectare per annum than forests, and hemp doesn't need pesticides or herbicides. Over 30 countries produce industrial hemp, including Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Greece,[82] Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom and Ukraine.[83][84]. [87] As many as 20,000 seed hairs may grow from a single seed. Different fibre crops and the fibres obtained from them are mentioned below: Many plants that are a ch source of fibres produce bast fibres, seed fibres and leaf fibres. Hemp can be used as a "mop crop" to clear impurities out of wastewater, such as sewage effluent, excessive phosphorus from chicken litter, or other unwanted substances or chemicals. [76] They cause injury by reducing plant vigour because they feed on the phloem of the plant. the Argand lamp. [158] America was forced to turn inward and revitalize the cultivation of Hemp on U.S. soils. The Great Book of Hemp: The Complete Guide to the Environmental, Commercial, and Medicinal Uses of the World's Most Extraordinary Plant. indica generally has poor fiber quality and female buds from this variety are primarily used for recreational and medicinal purposes. [34] The first US home made of hemp-based materials was completed in August 2010 in Asheville, North Carolina. "[59][60][61], Production of vehicle fuel from hemp is very small. The passing of the Act to destroy the U.S. hemp industry has been disputed to involve businessmen Andrew Mellon, Randolph Hearst and the Du Pont family. The ban on marijuana imposed by the United States authorities was alien to Japanese culture, as the drug had never been widely used in Japan before. [15] In 2010/2011, a total of 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) was cultivated with hemp in the EU, a decline compared with previous year. 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