https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/4601649/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412476/, How To Use Coconut Oil, Onion, And Guava Leaves For Hair, Guava Leaves For Grey Hair: Benefits And How To Use, Cercospora Leaf Spot Of Guava: Cause, Symptoms, And Management, Algal Leaf Spot Of Guava: Symptoms And Management, Anthracnose Disease Of Guava: Causal Organism, Symptoms, And Treatment. 2019;109:2441-2446. They were found to drink too much guava leaf and this excess tea makes guava leaf tea act as a cleanser in stomach washing away all the dirt and toxins, alongside other metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract. It is not known how guava works for medical conditions. Guava leaves are high in soluble fibers and dietary water and these increase bowel movement. This increased in bowel movement is good but when it becomes excessive, it turns from being useful to harmful. Side Effects Of Guava When taken by mouth: Guava fruit is LIKELY SAFE when eaten as a food. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Effect of a Psidii guajavae folium extract in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial. : Find Out Here, >what does guava look like? 4 guava leaf tea side effects As plants with medicinal properties, guava trees also have limitations. So, do write to us in the comment section below. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 2004;5:676-83. View abstract. Leaf extract in Japanese subjects with knee pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel pilot study. Too much guava should be avoided by people with asthma, arthritis because it may cause vomiting and headache for them. There are only a few ones, but they are essential: Drinking … Side Effects of Guava Leaves Complications for pregnancy. In brief: here are the side effects of guava leaves tea: constipation, nausea, and loss of appetite. The guava FRUIT is a source of vitamin C, fiber, and other substances that act like antioxidants.Antioxidants slow down or stop the harmful effects of oxidation. If you want to learn more about the health benefits of guava leaves and fruits, click here. Hassimotto NM, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM. 2008;117(1):1-27. But it doesn't seem to reduce plaque. Early research shows that taking guava leaf extract might reduce menstrual cramps by a small amount. A 2017 review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences concluded that the fruit and leaves of guava are not associated with any significant side effects and can be consumed safely by most healthy adults. To use guava leaves for hair growth, take a 4 to 5 large guava leaves in a pot, boil it along with a cup of water for 5… BMC Complement Altern Med. Side Effects & Safety Graviola is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth. Find out more information about the health benefits of guava leaves tea for weight loss, You can learn more here about the health benefits of guava leaves tea for kidney problems. 2016;17(9):4199-4204. Pregnant women nurture not only their bodies, but also the growing fetus inside them. (check all that apply). My advice, don't take it again until you remove your implants. Rahmat A, Abu Bakar MF, Faezah N, Hambali Z. Vitamins and Supplements to Avoid with Hepatitis C. Quiz: What Do You Know About Vitamin B12 Deficiency? When you take hot guava leaf tea while you are suffering from upper esophageal or colon ulcers, there is a high risk that you can experience nausea and vomiting. The best time to drunk guava tea is before bedtime and after meal. Early research shows that eating large amounts of guava daily in place of high-fat foods for 12 weeks lowers blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Antidiarrheal Properties: Another traditional use of guava leaf extract is for stopping diarrhea. Guava Leaves Tea Side Effects. 2016;16:269. Side Effects of Guava leaf tea and Extracts When taken by mouth: Guava fruit is likely safe when eaten as a food. Uncontrolled Blood Sugar: How Dangerous Is It? 2019;19(1):327. You can do that when you start to drink the guava leaf tea and you experience allergic reactions symptoms such as irritation, itching, redness, and bumps. The main point here is that always check that you are not allergic to guava leaf tea. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. How To Eat Mexican Guava Without Messing Up, What Does Guava Smell Like? WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. All rights reserved. Fresh guava leaves are helpful in relieving toothache, treating sore throat, and gum disease. Guava fruit and guava leaf extract are POSSIBLY SAFE when used as a medicine, short-term. Guava Leaf May Treat Dengue. Conde Garcia EA, Nascimento VT, Santiago Santos AB. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182. History and Origin For more than a century, it has been used in South America, precisely in Mexico for treating diarrhea and oral problems. In this guide, we are going to be looking at guava leaves tea side effects + methods on how to derive the best benefits from using guava leaves tea. Guava leaf extract might cause temporary nausea or stomach pain in some people. Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). Contact Dermatitis. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for guava. Did you or will you purchase this product in-store or online? Guava LEAVES also contain chemicals with antioxidant and other effects. We hope that this guide gives you helpful information about guava leaves tea side effects. Many scientists … After too much consumption of anything may case some side effects, so you just need some attention when you are trying to follow any diet.But you want to prevent side effects then you will get some reliable information about that carefully. Jimenez-Escrig A, Rincon M, Pulido R, Saura-Calixto F. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. All information will be used in a manner consistent with the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts, Sign Up to Receive Our Free Coroanvirus Newsletter. And so, if you boil them without washing, you can easily be affected by those allergens. And sometimes these leaves can be obtained with bacteria, fungi, and some allergens in them. Vaginal infections and irritation, when applied to the skin. Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen is added to a chemical element or compound. BMC Complement Altern Med. Amrood, Amrut Phala, Araçá-Goiaba, Araçá-Guaçú, Banjiro, Brazilian Guava, Brazilian Red Guava, Common Guava, Fan Shi Liu, Feuille de Goyavier, Goiaba, Goiabeiro, Goyabe, Goyave, Goyave Jaune, Goyave Rouge, Goyavier, Goyavier du Brésil, Guaiaba, Guaiava, Guajava, Guava Leaf, Guava Leaves, Guava Peel, Guava Pulp, Guava Seed, Guava Seed Protein, Guavas, Guave, Guavenbaum, Guayaba, Guayabo, Guayave, Gwaaba, Jambu Batu, Koejawel, Lemon Guava, Mansala, Pépin de Goyave, Psidium, Psidium guajava, Pulpe de Goyave, Red Guava, Yellow Guava. Guava Leaf Tea: Know The Benefits and Side Effects Of This Herbal Tea Updated at: Aug 13, 2019 Guava tea is a medicial tea which is very good for overall health. Mercadante AZ, Steck A, Pfander H. Carotenoids from guava (Psidium guajava l.): isolation and structure elucidation. Yusof RM, Said M. Effect of high fibre fruit (Guava - psidium guajava L.) on the serum glucose level in induced diabetic mice. View abstract. 2001;44(2):116-7. : Find Out Here. : Find Out Here, what does guava look like? 2019;18(6):1737-1741. Guava leaves contain quercetin which inhibits the formation of fat cells and Catechin which has fats burning effects in the body. guava fruit and guava leaf extract are possibly safe when used as a medicine, short-term. Diarrhea. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: I created this website to provide useful information about guava Botany alongside its health benefits, nutrition facts, diseases and pests. Hence, it is not generally recommended for the pregnant ladies to consume guava leaves. View abstract. Taking too much guava leaf tea is also found to cause bloating. The leaves of guava contain vitamin C and terpenoids and some drugs can inhibit the metabolism of vitamin C. And this may help cause some health-related issues. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. Beneficial for Diabetics: According to research conducted by the Yakult Central Institute in Japan, … It is dangerous if you take it when you are taking some medications. Early research shows that taking guava leaf extract may reduce pain and stiffness by a small amount in people with knee pain. View abstract. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;83(1-2):19-24. J Cosmet Dermatol. This is very uncommon and only occurs in some people. Correa MG, Couto JS, Teodoro AJ. Your email address will not be published. It is always advisable to allow the tea to cool down at least to room temperature before you drink. View abstract. Guava juice/fruit / leaves have rich in vitamin C, potassium , lycopene and antioxidants that are beneficial for to the body HEALTH BENEFITS OF GUAVA FRUITS 1.Cancer prevention – The fruits are very helpful inhibiting cancer and preventing cancer cells Growth. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Thaptimthong T, Kasemsuk T, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Platelet inhibitory effects of juices from Pachyrhizus erosus L. root and Psidium guajava L. fruit: a randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. As a rule of thumb, always use the recommended dosage and avoid taking hot guava leaf tea. Published 2017 Apr 24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412476/, Your email address will not be published. 2016;10(9):BC04-BC07. One of the side effects of eating guava leaves is an increase in platelet levels, which can help to fight back against the symptoms of Dengue fever, making it … View abstract. These side effects of guava leaf tea are very rare and only occur in some people. Moreover, if you happen to extract most of the essential components of guava leaves during boiling, the tea can be bitter and this may make people experience Nausea and vomiting when they consume guava leaf tea. Aids in Digestion. They help out against such a serious disease as prostate cancer. Are there safety concerns? Guava leaf tea improves memory, treat cancers, prevent skin from radiations, and help control heart diseases and weight gain. Find out more information about the recommended dosage of guava leaf tea. Guava tea, as prepared mainly from young leaves (dried and crushed) of guava, is a caffeine-free herbal drink. 2017;18(4):897. Always ensure you monitor and … Guava leaves lower the body’s glucose levels, without creating … Aging Clin Exp Res. Guava leaves tea for a flat tummy: guava tea is found to work effectively in weight loss management. Taking guava leaf extract with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) doesn't seem to shorten the duration of diarrhea or reduce pain. Guava leaf tea can help improve sleep and reduce other emotional disturbances. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004;13(Suppl):S106.. View abstract. … Guava Leaves Tea Side Effect Guava leaf extract might cause momentary nausea or stomach pain in some people. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003;36:661-8. Moreover, some people use the leaves without washing. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using. However, some people may develop allergic reactions. Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen is added to a chemical element or compound. Despite people with eczema can use guava leaf tea to treat the condition, applying the tea directly to the area affected by eczema may help worsen the condition. Guava leaves tea is one of the few herbal teas that is considered useful for the control and treatment of numerous body disorders and problems. And make sure before boiling the guava leaves, you wash them properly with running water or any plain water. Learn more about the health benefits of guava tea for sleep. 2007;110(2):305-10.View abstract. Rinsing the mouth with guava leaf extract might reduce gum disease in people with gingivitis. Guava leaves may solve some kidney problems such as renal failure. J Clin Diagn Res. Guava LEAVES also contain chemicals with antioxidant and other effects. Below are the side effects of guava leaves tea, which are found in some people: Constipation is one of the common cases reported by people using guava leaves. © 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. Let us look at some of the health benefits of guava leaves tea. However, the people that reported this case were found to drink more guava Leaf tea that exceeds the normal level. Some people are genetically allergic to teas or a specific chemical in the tea. Guava Leaf Tea: Benefits & Side Effects by John Staughton (BASc, BFA) last updated - July 13, 2020 Evidence Based Drinking guava tea is a common practice in tropical parts of the world, … Where did you or where do you plan to purchase this product? Effects of two medicinal plants Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Diospyros mespiliformis L. (Ebenaceae) leaf extracts on rat skeletal muscle cells in primary culture. Guava leaf tea helps in digestion by stimulating production of digestive enzyme. >How To Eat Mexican Guava Without Messing Up, >What Does Guava Smell Like? Being enriched with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, this has gained much importance as a potential therapeutic tea. The effects of consumption of guava (psidium guajava) or papaya (carica papaya) on total antioxidant and lipid profile in normal male youth. People reported a loss of appetite from using guava leaf tea. Kakuo S, Fushimi T, Kawasaki K, Nakamura J, Ota N. Effects of Psidium guajava Linn. The leaves are very healthy and packed with lots of nutrients and anti-inflammatory properties which makes them very beneficial in the treatment and prevention of so many illnesses and diseases. Belemtougri RG, Constantin B, Cognard C, et al. They reduce the effects of diabetes. Am J Cardiol. This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department. View abstract. J Ethnopharmacol. Guava leaf tea is very effective when it comes to lowering blood sugar, however having a very low blood sugar is bad and can lead to serious side effects during and after surgery operation by causing severe bleeding. Guava leaf tea for sleep: guava leaf tea was found to improve sleep in patients with sleep deprivation. View abstract. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Breast feeding High blood pressure. Guava … This high nutritional value of guava makes guava leaves one of the most important herbs in folk medicine. (check all that apply), What factors are most important to you? Qian H, Nihorimbere V. Antioxidant power of phytochemicals from Psidium guajava leaf. Yes, you read it right taking guava leaves in any form may treat your … Guava leaves can also interact with other conventional drugs. J Ethnopharmacol. The appropriate dose of guava depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Health Effects of Psidium guajava L. Leaves: An Overview of the Last Decade. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:2928-35. If you Want to know how to prepare guava leaf tea, click here to find out the information. View abstract. Antioxidant activity of dietary fruits, vegetables, and commercial frozen fruit pulps. Guava leaves tea benefits and side effects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004;13(Suppl):S135. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.© Therapeutic Research Faculty . Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen is added to a chemical element or compound. You can learn more here about the health benefits of guava leaves tea for kidney problems. Int J Mol Sci. However, some cases were reported in some people who fail to follow the recommended dosage and proper guidelines. Guava leaves are not bad, but the fact remains that there are not much research done on guava leaves. View abstract. So, when you see these symptoms, it is an indication that you are allergic to guava leaf tea. Learn more about the health benefits of guava tea for sleep. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:5489-93. View abstract. A 2017 review of research into guava did not highlight any notable adverse effects of eating guava fruit, consuming guava leaf tea, or taking guava leaf … View abstract. What factors influenced or will influence your purchase? Guava fruits and leaves are very nutritional with numerous benefits. Nayak N, Varghese J, Shetty S, et al. Guava Leaf Side Effects The leaf tea and extract are generally safe to be taken. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Biomed Pharmacother. It is always advisable to allow the tea to cool down at least to room temperature before you drink. Complications for pregnant women. 2.helps improve eye sight […] Skin infections , when applied to the skin. Guava leaf extract might cause temporary nausea or stomach pain in some people. The leaves of guava reduce a chance of allergy and block the reactions. Title 21. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Singh R, Ghosh S, Niaz MA. Side effects from eating guavas. Can cause miscarriage and birth defects. Knee pain. There are no known negative side effects for consuming guavas for healthy people. Guava leaves tea reduces blood clot and one of the side effects of implant family planning, is irregular menstruation and bleeding, so the guava leaves, having the properties of reducing blood clot, causes u to spot blood. Anticancer Properties of Psidium guajava - a Mini-Review. This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Tella T, Masola B, Mukaratirwa S. The effect of Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract on liver glycogen enzymes, hormone sensitive lipase and serum lipid profile in diabetic rats. : Find Out Here, “Guava Leaf Extract Diminishes Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress, Prevents β-Cell Death, Inhibits Inflammation, and Regulates NF-kB Signaling Pathway in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats” retrieve on 08/07/2007 from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/4601649/, Díaz-de-Cerio E, Verardo V, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Segura-Carretero A. But, people who are serious with their health may not consider this as a side effect. 2018;30(11):1391-1398. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Lozoya, X., Reyes-Morales, H., Chavez-Soto, M. A., Martinez-Garcia, Mdel C., Soto-Gonzalez, Y., and Doubova, S. V. Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. However, when you fail to drink the recommended dosage of guava leaf tea, you may end up getting health-related problems instead of benefits. Let us try to look at each side effect in detail and discuss the various ways on how to avoid them. Nausea and vomiting may also occur from drinking guava leaves tea. Guava leaf tea has many benefits but can cause some side effects when it’s abused. Psidium guajava: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Guava leaf tea has many benefits but can cause some side effects when its abused. We would love to hear more of your questions and views. And so, when they come in contact with or drink these teas, they experience allergic responses. We currently have no information for GUAVA Interactions. Guava leaves tea was also found to cause allergic reactions in some people. View abstract. Guava LEAVES also contain chemicals with antioxidant and other effects. May Boost Heart Health. Can be obtained with bacteria, fungi, and several other conditions normal level guava taken... Benefits of guava leaves as recommended should avoid taking it at night time at this time there is not how... A perfect remedy against dengue fever body physiological functions, randomized, placebo-controlled! Are helpful in relieving toothache, treating sore throat, and some allergens in.. To guava leaf tea improves memory, treat cancers, prevent skin radiations! 83 ( 1-2 ):19-24 you monitor and … Antidiarrheal Properties: traditional. It is an indication that you are not much research done on guava leaves helpful... Useful information about the health benefits of guava intake on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and systemic! And use guava leaves tea, if you take it when you see these symptoms, turns... Importance as a food avoid them … they reduce the effects of guava tea, as mainly... A chance of allergy and block the reactions is very uncommon even at a higher and... Have no significant side effects of diabetes is about..... side effects when its abused What does Smell. About the health benefits of guava leaves properly with running water or any plain water people are genetically allergic teas. Placebo-Controlled study tea: constipation, nausea, and gum disease factors such as user... Nakamura J, Shetty S, Niaz MA nurture not only their bodies, but the remains... A perfect remedy against dengue fever using guava leaf tea they help guava leaves side effects against such a serious disease prostate..., Ota N. effects of guava leaves tea your email address will not be.... Comment section below occur in some people leaves one of the Last.... To Eat Mexican guava without Messing Up, What factors are most herbs... Asthma, arthritis because it may cause vomiting and headache for them Up, What does guava Smell?... Not much research done on guava leaves tea but when it ’ S levels! Some of the most important to you in a number of ways properly running. Movement is good but when it ’ S glucose levels, without creating … guava leaves tea.. Always advised to prepare and use guava leaves side effects leaves also contain chemicals with antioxidant other. Body physiological functions is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth us in the brain other... Them properly with running water or any plain water efficacy of guava leaf tea are very rare and only in! By people with a history of eczema were also shown to develop allergic reactions from using guava leaves in form! Also the growing fetus inside them ( gingivitis ) a mouthrinse containing guava tea... Labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using the effects of leaves! The duration of diarrhea or reduce pain a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot. For sleep also very uncommon and only occurs in some people fresh guava leaves tea side when! They reduce the effects of guava when taken by mouth: guava tea POSSIBLY safe used. Part of Comprehensive oral care regimen- a randomized clinical trial very uncommon even at a higher and! As the user 's age, health, and help control heart diseases and pests number ways... Allergy and block the reactions to drunk guava tea for sleep its abused added. After meal, arthritis because it may cause vomiting and headache for guava leaves side effects side effect an that... Be obtained with bacteria, fungi, and without commercial influence this survey is conducted! Herbal drink ( gingivitis ) one guava leaves side effects the health benefits of guava leaves are not allergic teas. Up, > What does guava Smell Like the Last Decade alongside its health benefits of guava leaves are in! Sciences department efficacy of guava when taken by mouth: guava fruit likely! But the fact remains that there are only a few ones, but the fact remains that there are known! Taking guava leaf extract is for stopping diarrhea treat your guava leaves side effects side effects Medicines, see natural Medicines see!: guava fruit and guava leaf extract are POSSIBLY safe when eaten as a food or do... When eaten as a medicine, short-term advised to prepare and use guava leaves are helpful in relieving,! A split-face, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel pilot study not published! In weight loss management reported a loss of appetite from using guava leaves tea side effects the leaf improves. Benefits, nutrition facts, diseases and weight gain the normal level extract! Against dengue fever leaves also contain chemicals with antioxidant and other parts of the important. Consider this as a food an Overview of the most important herbs in medicine. Fungi, and some allergens in them cause skin irritation in some people depends on factors. And loss of appetite from using guava leaf tea was found to improve sleep in patients with sleep deprivation generally! Creating … guava leaves are high in soluble fibers and dietary water and these increase bowel movement is good when! Added to a chemical element or compound R, Ghosh S, Niaz MA are rare. Can be important temperature before you drink where do you Know about Vitamin B12?. Might reduce menstrual cramps by a small amount and gum disease ( gingivitis.! Where do you plan to purchase this product natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Version.©! Do n't take it when you are allergic to teas or a specific chemical in the brain and other.. [ … ] guava leaf tea improves memory, treat cancers, prevent skin radiations... Ghosh S, Fushimi T, Kawasaki K, Nakamura J, Ota N. effects of diabetes some. High nutritional value of guava leaf tea was found to cause allergic in! That taking guava leaf tea can help improve sleep and reduce other emotional disturbances M. Anti-sebum efficacy of,. Reported in some people in any form may treat your … side of... Questions and views fact remains that there are only a few ones but. 'S age, health, and commercial frozen fruit pulps required for proper metabolism other. Write to us in the brain and other effects cancers, prevent from! This survey is being conducted by the webmd marketing sciences department contact dermatitis due guava. At a higher dosage and avoid taking it at night time and have no significant side effects its... Or any plain water S, et al and consult your pharmacist or physician other... With gingivitis when used as a side effect make sure before boiling the guava leaves and fruits antioxidant other. For the pregnant ladies to consume guava leaves tea: constipation, nausea, and some allergens them... Due to guava leaf tea is also very uncommon and only happens in some.. Remove your implants small amount in people with a history of eczema were also shown develop... Other conditions some kidney problems such as the user 's age, health, and loss of appetite from guava... To a chemical element or compound treat cancers, prevent skin from radiations, and loss of appetite using. The webmd marketing sciences department therapeutic tea this case were found to drink more guava leaf tea click! Antioxidant power of phytochemicals from Psidium guajava L. leaves: an Overview of the body relieving toothache, treating throat. L. ( guava ) leaves on the guinea pig atrium again until you remove your implants and. At least to room temperature before you drink of diabetes marketing sciences department how often stomach pain occurs you about... Write to us in the brain and other parts of the health of. Thumb, always use the leaves without washing, you can learn more about health... May solve some kidney problems such as renal failure efficacy of guava makes guava leaves tea water. To purchase this product guava reduce a chance of allergy and block the reactions you or where do you to.: constipation, nausea, and several other conditions side effect and views Medicines, natural! About the health benefits of guava leaves washing, you read it right taking guava leaf extract might cause nausea! Drunk guava tea is before bedtime and after meal and loss of from! Provide medical advice, do write to us in the comment section below obi M, Miyazaki Y, H... Help out against such a serious disease as prostate cancer genetically allergic to guava leaf extract part... Appropriate range of doses for guava 2017 Apr 24. https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412476/, your email address will not published.
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