The Queensland fruit fly has been described as one of the biggest threats to New Zealand horticulture. Wing (male) with a deep indent in posterior margin. The vulnerability of Australian horticulture to the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni, under climate change. 2012). Australian Plants, 21(166):52-55, Mabberley DJ, 2004. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 303-313, White IM, Elson-Harris MM, 1994. Fruit Flies; their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Queensland fruit fly Not present Invaded Native . Mexican fruit fly. This was neutralised by sodium hydroxide yielding a concentrate with a salt content of up to 50%. The roles of adult and larval specialisations in limiting the occurrence of five species of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cultivated fruits. here in San Diego trapped one back in the 80's here in San Diego, it is still the most unusual one they have come across, we get the occasional Guava, Oriental, Mediterranean and Mexican fruit fly, but the Abdomen: Predominant colour red-brown. Bioclimatic potential. B. tryoni could be confused with B. aquilonis (May), a species known only from northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory. A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. 1-97. Scutellum entirely yellow (except for narrow basal band). > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye, Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches, Global register of Introduced and Invasive species (GRIIS). Three opiine parastoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Fopius arisanus (Sonan), Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) and D. kraussii (Fullaway) may have potential as biological control agents (Rungrojwanich and Walter, 2000; Quimio and Walter, 2001; Spinner et al., 2011). In Australia both species attack a similar range of hosts and can even be reared from the same individual specimens of field-collected fruit (Gibbs, 1967). Queensland Fruit Fly was found in metropolitan Melbourne in January 2008. Size variation in the Queensland fruit fly and its implications. Created Date: 10/30/2018 1:33:16 PM Terminalia and secondary sexual characters: Male wing without a bulla. Male tergite 3 with a pecten (setal comb) on each side. EPPO, 2020. It has the potential to spread to many places around the world because of its wide climatic and host range (Meats 1989b; Sutherst et al., 2000) and a tendency to be carried by human travellers at the larval stage inside infested fruit. It's unusual for crops to be invaded 2 seasons in a row — a heavy infestation in 1 year rarely results in a further problem in the following season. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, No. There is genetic evidence that the two species hybridize (Morrow et al., 2000). 9-25. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429355738/chapters/10.1201/9780429355738-2, IIE, 1991. 2012). B. tyroni is native to subtropical coastal Queensland and northern New South Wales. A bait spray consists of a suitable insecticide (e.g. IPPC, 2014. Parasitoid fauna of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae) in inland New South Wales, Australia and their potential for use in augmentative biological control. Movements of tephritid fruit flies. Queensland fruit fly. In fruits that both species attack the newcomer appears to be out-competing the Queensland fruit fly. Impacts on biodiversity are also unlikely for the same reasons as for impacts on natural habitats. It has only recently invaded the USA where its numbers have grown rapidly. Rome, Italy: FAO. Adults of frugivorous Tephritidae lay their eggs beneath the skin of sound ripening fruit; the larvae feed within the fruit and cause direct damage and induce decay and premature fruit drop (Allwood and Leblanc, 1997). For example, in New Zealand Baker and Cowley (1991) recorded 7-33 interceptions of fruit flies per year in cargo and 10-28 per year in passenger baggage. Queensland fruit flies are being eaten in the field by many invertebrate predators. 1: History, world distribution, botany, and varieties [ed. In Australia potential losses if fruit flies were not controlled have been estimated at A$100 million a year (Anonymous, 1986), and most of this would be attributable to B. tryoni. Larval description from White and Elson-Harris (1994).Adult Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Australia: one species or two? Cell c with extensive covering of microtrichia. Report of the expert consultation on progress and problems in controlling fruit fly infestation, Bangkok, 1986. The Queensland fruit fly has been described as one of the biggest threats to New Zealand horticulture. This product can be made cheaply from brewery waste (Umeh and Garcia, 2008). Following oviposition there may be some necrosis around the puncture mark Adult description derived from computer-generated descriptions from White and Hancock (1997). A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. B. tryoni is separated from most of the other pest species by the coloured cells bc and c (i.e. The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in ... stone fruit, kiwifruit, and grapes. Population suppression in the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Strumeta) tryoni. Wing cell c covered in microtrichia; cell bc devoid of microtrichia. B. tyroni are responsible for an estimated $28.5 … In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO. Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel), Diospyros virginiana (persimmon (common)), Eremocitrus glauca (Australian desert lime), Olea europaea subsp. In: Economic Fruit Flies of the South Pacific Region, [ed. insects Article Ecological Drivers and Sex-Based Variation in Body Size and Shape in the Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) Yufei Zhou 1,*, Juanita Rodriguez 2, Nicole Fisher 3 and Renee A. Catullo 1,2 1 Department of Ecology & Evolution, Research School … http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/responses/qff, Drew RAI, 1982. JOSH BYRNE: There are over 200 species of Fruit Fly in Australia. in southern Mexico, and may be influential in partial biological control of that species (Aluja et al. There is a significant risk to New Zealand of invasion by this species, and several recent incursions have occurred. The eradication of Queensland fruit fly from Easter Island. 43, Issue. Behavioural responses of female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, to mineral oil deposits. The genetic structure of populations of an invading pest fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, at the species climatic range limit. A8 with well defined intermediate areas and large sensilla. https://www.ippc.int/en/, IPPC, 2017. Ecological studies of eastern Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in their endemic habitat. "It cost another $36 million to eradicate the pest. NZL-04/2. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance. ... et al. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands. Evolution, 54:899-910, Nguyen VL, Meats A, Beattie GAC, Spooner-Hart R, Liu ZM, Jiang L, 2007. Seasonal abundance, distribution, hosts and taxonomic placement of Dipterophagus daci Drew & Allwood (Strepsiptera: Dipterophagidae). 11-53. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/25459. Queensland fruit fly infests both indigenous and introduced fruits. (2000), much of which derives from host data gathered in a major survey in the Cairns area. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, 115-128, Bateman MA, Friend AH, Hampshire F, 1966. https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2015. I. Taxonomy. Face with a dark spot in each antennal furrow; facial spot large, round to elongate. August 2017, Primefact 1494, third edition . The fruits most likely to be attacked after initial introduction will depend … Canberra, Australia: ACIAR, 138 pp, Weldon, C. W., Schutze, M. K., Karsten, M., 2014. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Features include trap arrays for early warning and prompt responses, border inspections, community awareness programmes as well as bait-spraying and the male annihilation technique (MAT) (Jessup et al., 2007). Fifty years of fruit fly eradication in South Australia. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. Little information is available on the attack time for most fruits but few Bactrocera spp. 115-128. Host fruit (PDF, 894 KB)cannot be transported into the Greater Sunraysia Pest Free Area or across some state borders unless the consignment is accompanied by an industry certification arrangeme… Horticultural mineral oil (HMO) is strongly repellent to female B. tryoni and can be used successfully to protect fruit in small crops, including home gardens (Nguyen et al., 2007; Meats et al., 2012).Male Suppression/Annihilation Techniques and SIT. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. The biology of dacine fruit flies. They came in the house in some fruit from the store. However, as far as fruit flies are concerned an unequivocal answer to the question - whether there is an impact of a pest species on other species in a district - should be assessed only by experiment or by incubating field-sampled fruit individually in order to rear out and identify surviving adult insects (see for example Gibbs, 1967; Fitt, 1986). Reported Long-Distance Flight of the Invasive Oriental Fruit Fly and Its Trade Implications. \Batchelor, L. D.]. A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. © Copyright 2021 CAB International. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. It is also invaded and established in New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific (Leblanc et al. This was successful and by 1991 Queensland fruit fly had been eradicated from IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Trapping to monitor tephritid movement: results, best practice, and assessment of alternatives. Postpronotal lobe (=humerus) without a seta. Australian Journal of Entomology, 36(1):45-50, Poona S, 2003. World Crop Pests [ed. Australian distribution of 17 species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) caught in cue lure traps in February 1994. Head: Pedicel+1st flagellomere not longer than ptilinal suture. Isolated population of Bactrocera tryoni. tryoni has a distribution almost entirely sympatric with B. neohumeralis, and both species attack a similar range of hosts, although B. tryoni is by far the more damaging. Unfortunately, lack of quarantine barriers meant it soon re-invaded. Their Identification and Bionomics. Plant Protection Quarterly, 20(4):148-154, Dominiak BC, McLeod LJ, Cagnacci M, 2000. Review of suppression program using three ground release methods of sterile Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) at Wagga Wagga, NSW, in 1996/97. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier World Crop Pest Series, 241-246, Meats A, Beattie A, Ullah F, Bingham S, 2012. CABIKEY to the Dacini (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Asian, Pacific and Australasian Regions. Trapping Guidelines for area-wide fruit fly programmes. Rome, Italy: FAO. Mortality due to vertebrate fruit consumption can be very high, as can puparial mortality in the soil, either due to predation or environmental mortality (see White and Elson-Harris, 1994, for brief review). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 396-408, Bateman MA, 1982. In some places frugivorous birds and rodents can destroy a large percentage of wild fruit that would be otherwise available to fruit flies or may have fruit fly larvae already in them (Drew, 1987). > 10°C, Cold average temp. The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni; Q-fly) is an Australian endemic horticultural pest species, which has caused enormous economic losses. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In: Prevention and management of invasive alien species: Proceedings of a Workshop on Forging Cooperation throughout the Austral-Pacific, 2002, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii [ed. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. Also, a hitchhiker that is difficult to detect, it is difficult to control with pesticides. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA), Armstrong JW, Couey HM, 1989. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), 1986(28):1-18. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. complex of sweet orange varieties using locally made protein bait of brewery waste. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit. Detection is described under "Control: Early Warning System". The botany of citrus and its wild relatives of the orange subfamily. Many countries, such as the mainland USA, forbid the import of susceptible fruit without strict post-harvest treatment having been applied by the exporter. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Key to and status of opiine braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids used in biological control of Ceratitis and Dacus s.l. The flies are claimed to infest all of the varieties of fruit grown in the 'm-eaexcept pineapples and to infest vegetables such as tomatoes and melons. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, IIE, 1991. Many orchard owners and garden owners are affected by the damages done by the fruit flies to the fruits and vegetables. Legs: All femora yellow / pale. Bateman et al. I recently waged war on the Fruit Nat. Berkeley, California, USA: University of California, 190-430, Umeh VC, Garcia LE, 2008. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76(4):721-742, Wharton RH, 1989. https://www.ippc.int/, Leblanc L, Vueti E T, Drew R A I, Allwood A J, 2012. While Queensland fruit fly (B. tryoni) and the lesser Queensland fruit fly ( B. neohumeralis (Hardy)), both sympatric, are genetically indistinguishable, yet reproductively isolated by time of mating (dusk for the former and day time for the latter), B. aquilonis (May) and B. Here, we determined the role of temperature versus fruit availability on the population phenology of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Upon emergence, adult flies must be fed with sugar and water https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2015. 23 (2), 61-72. Eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the North-ern Territory. B. tryoni is allopatric from B. aquilonis, from which it only differs morphologically in being darker in colour. General and Applied Entomology, 29:49-57; 26 ref, DPINSW, 2013. The long history of ecological and physiological studies of the three species has been augmented by the development of a range of genetic and genomic tools, including the capacity for forced multigeneration crosses between the three species followed by selection experiments, a draft genome for Q-fly, and tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomes. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance. A second Queensland fruit fly has been found in a surveillance trap in the Auckland suburb of Northcote. Methyl eugenol The only pest species in Australia that this male lure attracts is the banana fruit fly. Previous arguments about distinguishing B. tryoni from B. aquilonis in northern Australia are well discussed in Morrow et al. This tactic is now used in are-wide management programmes. Monitoring is largely carried out by traps (as above) set in areas of infestation. Ithaca, USA: Comstock, Froggatt WW, 1909. Tergite 4 dark laterally. for several days to allow hardening and full colour to develop, before they can Conversely, frugivorous birds and rodents can destroy a large percentage of wild fruit in some places that would be otherwise available to fruit flies or have fruit fly larvae already in them (Drew, 1987). To watch my first large crop being spoilt is really depressing. Postharvest heat treatments: effects on commodity, pathogens and insect pests. attack prior to ripening.Chemical Control This may be because the papaya fruit fly attacks fruit a few days earlier than the Queensland fruit fly and thus gains an advantage. Anepisternal stripe not reaching as far as anterior notopleural seta. Male sternite 5 V-shaped posteriorly. [ed. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, Rome, Italy: FAO. ("sting"). 3, p. 457. Fauna of fruit flies in the Cook Islands and French Polynesia. A fruit fly could have devastated New Zealand's horticulture industry if it hadn't been discovered at Auckland Airport, Biosecurity NZ says. The Queensland fruit fly is a species of fly in the family Tephritidae in the insect order Diptera. Many countries that are free of Bactrocera spp., such as the USA (California and Florida) and New Zealand, maintain a grid of methyl eugenol and cue lure traps, at least in high risk areas (ports and airports) if not around the entire climatically suitable area. If these are distributed at sufficient density (~ 30m spacing) most males can be annihilated (Bateman, 1982). There is no genetic evidence that the two species hybridize (Gilchrist and Ling, 2006). Fruit Flies; their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. See also CABI/EPPO (1998, No. American Journal of Botany, 96(3):668-685. http://www.amjbot.org/, CABI/EPPO, 1998. This is a matter of very great concern. Citrus (Rutaceae): a review of recent advances in etymology, systematics and medical applications. III. Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly); adult. ACIAR Proceedings, 76:54-56, Quimio GM, Walter GH, 2001. Proceedings of a BARD Workshop, Israel, March 2000. It is capable of passing through seven generations a year in the northern part of its range but in East Gippsland there is only one generation per year. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. 54-56. To date, complete biological control in the classical sense, has never been achieved for any Bactrocera or Dacus spp. (2000; see also CABI/EPPO, 1998, No. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100(2):197-206. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ber, Christenson LD, Foote RH, 1960. Fruit fly traps are being expanded in the area, including being placed in home gardens with fruit trees and additional traps added to an area extending to 1.5km from where the fly was found. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. There are about 4,500 species of tephritid flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Fruit fly invasions happen around the world, particularly in The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in the past decade. Males of B. tryoni are attracted to cue lure, sometimes in very large numbers. The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a significant horticultural pest in Australia, and has also established in other parts of the Pacific. CABI is a registered EU trademark. In 1989 a special factory was built to produce sterile Queensland fruit flies to fight a large outbreak in Perth. The influence of a shortage of hosts on the specificity of oviposition behaviour in species of Dacus (Diptera, Tephritidae). What crops are most at risk from the fruit fly? Thus from 1983 yeast autolysate was used instead (Madge et al., 1997). Using a field site located at the subtropical/temperate interface, with host fruits continuously available, we monitored the development times and abundance of B. tryoni, a species which has invaded temperate Australia from the tropics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 3(B):411-424, Baker RT, Cowley JM, 1991. by Perez-Staples, D., Diaz-Fleischer, F., Montoya, P., Vera, M. T.]. Recent work on hot water dipping was reported by Waddell et al. The comparative ecology of two closely related sympatric species of Dacus (Díptera) in Queensland. III.- Fruit flies. There are differences among fruit fly species and further studies are required to determine dispersal distances for individual species. Fifty years of fruit fly eradication in South Australia. Cook Islands. Usually about 60-80% length of larva. World Crop Pests. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 17(5):687-697 pp, Bateman MA, Friend AH, Hampshire F, 1966. Rome, Italy: FAO. In 1989 it became established in the Perth area of Western Australia and it was declared eradicated by 1991. The males of most pest species of Bactrocera are attracted to either cue lure (4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) or to methyl eugenol (4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene). Biological Control > 10°C, Cold average temp. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinp) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. by Reuther, W. \Webber, H. J. Various statutory authorities have estimated economic losses in Australia due to B. tryoni to be between $28.5 million and $100 million per annum (Sutherst et al., 2000). There are some other generic combinations, most notably Dacus tryoni. (White and Hancock, 1997) are as follows: postpronotal lobe entirely yellow. The Queensland fruit fly has so far been detected five times in the upper North Island in the past decade. > 0°C, wet all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. ACIAR Proceedings Series, 76:21-29, Waddell BC, Jones VM, Petry RJ, Sales F, Paulaud D, Maindonald JH, Laidlaw WG, 2000. by Drew R A I, Hooper G H S, Bateman M A]. The status of B. melas (Perkins and May) as a distinct species requires further investigation and it was treated as an unconfirmed synonym by White and Hancock (1997). The Queensland fruit fly in north Queensland breeds continuously provided suitable fruit is available. In: Area-Wide Management of Fruit Fly Pests, [ed. puncture marks and any associated necrosis. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (=Dacus tryoni (Froggatt)), Diptera: Tephritidae, Queensland fruit-fly. 100 (2), 197-206. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ber DOI:10.1017/S0007485309990150. Bactrocera tryoni (Q-fly) was declared eradicated. The papaya fruit fly attacks fruits that the Queensland fruit fly rarely infests, such as mango and pawpaw. Qfly is considered a serious horticultural pest because it is highly invasive, infesting more than 300 species of cultivated fruits and vegetables. Microsatellite analysis of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) indicates spatial structuring: implications for population control H. Yu, M. Frommer, M.K. Southern Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Subprogram. However there are three clear differences between them: humeral callus colour, complete pre-mating isolation based on mating time-of-day, and invasiveness. What do I do to stop further infestation. [Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific. In: The citrus industry, revised 2nd ed., vol. 12 Tahiti Fruit Fly Eradication Programme reported that, eradication of Oriental fruit fly commenced in 1997, had to re-start the program in 1999 – 2001 (French Government funding). It is also invaded and established in New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific (Leblanc et al. Losses caused by fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in seven Pacific Island countries. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Compendium record. 31) but the evidence and analysis provided by Cameron et al. Applied Entomology and Zoology, Vol. Monitoring and managing Ceratitis spp. Adelaide, Australia: South Australian Research and Development Institute, 69 pp, Maelzer DA, Bailey PT, Perepelicia N, 2004. 135. as did the Queensland fruit fly last century. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, xviii + 768 pp, Cameron EC, Sved JA, Gilchrist AS, 2010. Anastrepha ludens (Loew)--Some of the natural enemies of oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies have shown activity on Anastrepha spp. As a direct result of these invasions, there is increasing research interest in the invasion history and spread patterns of this fly. A survey of travellers carrying host fruit of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), into a fruit fly free area in 1998/99 following road signposting of penalties for infringements. (2000). "It cost another $36 million to eradicate the pest. William B. Sherwin, Marianne Frommer, John A. Sved, Kathryn A. Raphael, John G. Oakeshott, Deborah C.A. Shearman and J.A. ACIAR Proceedings, 76: 68-76. Blumea, 49(2/3):481-498, Madge P, Mobbs P, Bailey P, Perepelicia N, 1997. Scutum predominantly red-brown; with lateral vittae (yellow stripes) not extended anterior of suture, posteriorly reaching to the posterior supra-alar setae; with prescutellar acrostichal setae. Australian Journal of Entomology, 45(2):157-162. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=aen, Gilchrist AS, Meats AW, 2010. How natural predators can affect the survival, reproduction and Q-fly con-trol by SIT is still unknown. Would you be able to identify a Queensland fruit fly if it invaded your garden? In: Official report, fruit fly and other pests various countries, 1907-8. and checked for larvae. Fruit producers in South Australia's Riverland region scramble to meet strict product quarantine rules, with a second outbreak of Queensland fruit fly declared in the region inside eight days. I. Taxonomy, In: Drew RAI, Hooper, GHS, Bateman MA, eds. Aculeus apex pointed.Egg Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51(4):467-480, Swingle WT, Reece PT, 1967. Fletcher (1989b) provides dispersal data for only 11 of 651 species of Bactrocera, many of the case studies lack the necessary numerical data, and the study did not discern between active flight and passive wind-assisted dispersal. To add to the horror is knowing what to use to get rid of fruit flies fast. Distributed at sufficient density ( ~ 30m spacing ) most males can be up. 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